欧洲[OuZhou]理事会主席范龙佩25日凌晨说,在24日开始的春季峰会上,欧盟[OuMeng]成员国领导人通过了一套应对欧元区[OuYuanQu]主权[ZhuQuan]债务[ZhaiWu]危机的全面方案。这套方案包括扩大现有救助机制的规模和用途、降低希腊等国接受救助的成本、开展新一轮银行[YinXing]压力测试等内容。不过葡萄牙[PuTaoYa]债务[ZhaiWu]危机发酵以及欧元区[OuYuanQu]金融系统风险[FengXian]不减,分析人士称欧元区[OuYuanQu]前景仍不乐观。 The ESM w ill have a total subscribedcap-ital of 700billioneuros.O f this am ount,80billionw ill beintheform of paid-incapitalprovidedbythe euro-aream em ber states beingphasedinfrom July2013infiveequal annualinstallm ents. Inaddition,theESM w ill alsodisposeof acom binationof com m ittedcallablecapital andof guarantees from euro-aream em -berstatesto atotal am ount of 620 billioneuros.(彭博社) 欧洲[OuZhou]稳定机制(ESM )的认缴资本总额将达到7000亿欧元,其中的800亿欧元为实缴资本,后者将由欧元区[OuYuanQu]成员国从2013年起分五次等额分期缴付。除此之外,E SM中余下的6200亿欧元则由欧元区[OuYuanQu]成员国承诺可随时支付的款项和担保等组成。 对于各界密切关注的欧洲[OuZhou]稳定机制(ESM )的具体内容,有了新的进展。 W ednesdaynight,the econom ic crisis be-cam e apolitical crisis. Portugal"s parliam entrejected Prim eM inisterJoséSócrates"splanfor spendingcuts andtaxincreases. M r.Sócrates handedinhis resignation. H ew ill hangon asacaretakeruntil anew governm ent is form ed. Without thebudget cuts,Portugal isalm ost certaintoneedaninternational bailout. Itw ill run out of m oneythisyearw ithout freshcash,andm arkets arechargingpunitiveratesforborrow ing.T w ofirm sdow ngradedPortugal"s credit ratingT hursday.(《华尔街日报》) 周三晚,经济危机演变成了政治危机。葡萄牙[PuTaoYa]议会拒绝了总理苏格拉底(JoseSocrates)削减开支和增加税收的计划。苏格拉底提交了辞呈。在新政府成立前,他将继续代理总理一职。如果预算不缩减,葡萄牙[PuTaoYa]几乎肯定会需要国际救助。由于没有新的现金注入,葡萄牙[PuTaoYa]会在今年把钱用完,而市场也正在对其贷款收取惩罚性利率。两家评级公司在周四下调了葡萄牙[PuTaoYa]的信用评级。 G reeceandIreland,thetw oEU countriesthat got bailouts,reachedthebrinkrelativelyrapidly:G reece cam e undone after revelations ithadgrosslyunderestim atedthegovernm ent"sparlous fiscal state; Irelandself-im m olatedinanorgyof propertyspeculation. Portugal"s crisis,bycontrast,has com etoaboil slow ly. Foradecade,Portugal"sgrow thtrailedthe euro-zone average.(《华尔街日报》) 接受欧盟[OuMeng]救助的希腊和爱尔兰较快地濒临崩溃:希腊政府危险的财政状况被极大低估的消息传出后,该国就陷入崩溃;爱尔兰则在房地产投机狂欢中毁了自己。 相比之下,葡萄牙[PuTaoYa]的危机是缓慢酿成的。10年来葡萄牙[PuTaoYa]的增长一直落后于欧元区[OuYuanQu]的平均水平。 T he EuropeanU nioncannot fixits sover-eigndebt problem w ithout aholisticsolutionthat quells investors"concerns about banks.For as longas theybelievethat thebloc"sbanksare undercapitalised,addicted toEuropeanC entral Bankfunding,anddanger-ously exposed to w eak eurozonesovereignrisks,investorsw ill stick tothesidelines.(《金融时报》) 拿不出一套整体解决方案,打消投资者对银行[YinXing]的忧虑,欧盟[OuMeng](E U )是无法解决其主权[ZhuQuan]债务[ZhaiWu]问题的。只要投资者认为,欧盟[OuMeng]内的银行[YinXing]资本金不足、沉迷于欧洲[OuZhou]央行(ECB)的注资、对欧元区[OuYuanQu]弱国主权[ZhuQuan]债务[ZhaiWu]风险[FengXian]的敞口过大,他们就会坚持离场观望。 R ather,they should look beyond thelam eparam etersof theim pendingE U stresstests,andrequirefull disclosureof banks"sovereignexposure,w hether intheir bankingortrading books,and proof beyond doubtthat banks" capital buffers arestrong.O nlythenw ill the depressinglyclose correlationbe-tw eensovereignriskandtheperform anceofEuropeanbankshares of thepast sixm onthsbe broken.(《金融时报》) 相反,它们(各国监管机构)不应将目光局限于即将进行的欧盟[OuMeng]压力测试中那些没有说服力的参数,而应要求银行[YinXing]充分披露其主权[ZhuQuan]债务[ZhaiWu]风险[FengXian]敞口,无论是银行[YinXing]账户还是交易账户,并拿出确凿的证据,证明银行[YinXing]有充分的资本缓冲能力。只有这样,才能打破过去6个月间主权[ZhuQuan]债务[ZhaiWu]风险[FengXian]与欧洲[OuZhou]银行[YinXing]类股走势之间那种令人沮丧的紧密联动关系。
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